Nonlocal Transport Phenomena and Various Structure Formations in Plasmas. Classical Nonlocal Phenomena in Magnetic Confinement Plasmas Nonlocal Transport Related to Dynamics along the Magnetic Field.

Abstract

Transport along field lines in magnetic confinement plasmas is reviewed. Collisionless and collisional-diffusive transports are discussed. As a result of rapid transport, features of plasmas along field lines are apt to behave nonlocally. A nonlocal phenomenon of scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor plasmas in a tokamak is introduced, whose asymmetry along field lines is induced by thermoelectric instability related to the SOL current. A local phenomenon called MARFE can be brought by the strong radiation cooling. The ”snake”, a nonlocal feature along field lines but with local structure perpendicular to the field, is observed in a tokamakcoreplasma. For mirror-confined plasmas, axial particle losses from the mirror ends, especially pitch-angle-scattering losses into the loss cone and nonadiabatic losses due to the breakdown of adiabaticity of the magnetic moment, are discussed in relation to nonlocal axial transport.