Non-Linear Thermal Radiations and Mass Transfer Analysis on the Processes of Magnetite Carreau Fluid Flowing Past a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Surface under Cross Diffusion and Hall Effect

Asad Ullah,Wali Khan Mashwani,Poom Kumam,Muhammad Ayaz,Abdul Hafeez,Wiyada Kumam,Ikramullah Ikramullah

doi:10.3390/coatings10060523

Abstract

The flow of conducting Carreau fluid on a permeable stretching/shrinking surface is analytically investigated by considering the thermal radiation, mass transfer, and cross diffusion effects. A uniform external magnetic field is employed which gives rise to Hall current. The nonlinear PDEs are converted to a set of ODEs using similarity transformations. The developed ODEs are solved using the well established mathematical procedure of Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The influence of associated parameters over the state variables of the Carreau fluid are analytically studied and discussed through different graphs. It is found that fluid velocity augments (drops) with the rising power law index and Hall parameter (velocity slip and material parameters). The temperature field increases with the higher Dufour number and radiation parameter values, and decreases with larger Prandtl number. The concentration field augments with the larger Soret number and velocity slip parameter values whereas drops with the rising Schmidt number. The variations in skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed using tables and it is noticed that the mass and heat energy transfer rates are controlled by the varying values of Dufour and Soret parameters. The comparison between present and published work shows complete agreement.

Highlights

The heat energy transfer and boundary layer fluid flow on a stretching and/or shrinking surfaces are the topics of intensive investigations since the basic work performed by Crane [1], because of its immense technological applications
This study aims to analytically investigate the impact of Hall current and cross diffusion over the heat energy and mass transfer characteristics of magnetized Carreau fluid on a porous stretching surface
Since 1992, Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is widely used for solving system of non-linear DEs

Summary

Introduction

The heat energy transfer and boundary layer fluid flow on a stretching and/or shrinking surfaces are the topics of intensive investigations since the basic work performed by Crane [1], because of its immense technological applications. The heat energy transfer is mainly governed by the Soret effect, in which the temperature gradient causes thermal-diffusion. The mass transfer analysis is mainly concerned with the Dufour effect, which causes due to the diffusion-thermo effect. These two effects play a vital role in the natural convection flow. The heat exchangers, steel manufacturing and other cooling phenomena are the prime areas where the convective heat energy transfer flow plays an important and basic role

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