Abstract
The screening of highly charged ions in metals is studied using density functional theory as applied to a static impurity in an electron gas, that represents the valence electrons of the metal. Self-consistent screening charge densities and potentials are shown to be useful when exploring the nature of the screening and can also be used to estimate time scales for neutralization and relaxation. A molecular orbital model is also used to study electron capture by the projectile from target inner shells. Several examples show that the relaxation takes place within a few femtoseconds scale. Applications of the results to interpret electron emission and energy loss data are discussed.
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