Non-linear Schrödinger equation with time-dependent balanced loss-gain and space–time modulated non-linear interaction

Abstract

We consider a class of one dimensional vector Non-linear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) in an external complex potential with Balanced Loss-Gain (BLG) and Linear Coupling (LC) among the components of the Schrödinger field. The solvability of the generic system is investigated for various combinations of time modulated LC and BLG terms, space–time dependent strength of the nonlinear interaction and complex potential. We use a non-unitary transformation followed by a reformulation of the differential equation in a new coordinate system to map the NLSE to solvable equations. Several physically motivated examples of exactly solvable systems are presented for various combinations of LC and BLG, external complex potential and nonlinear interaction. Exact localized nonlinear modes with spatially constant phase may be obtained for any real potential for which the corresponding linear Schrödinger equation is solvable. A method based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics is devised to construct exact localized nonlinear modes for a class of complex potentials. The real superpotential corresponding to any exactly solved linear Schrödinger equation may be used to find a complex-potential for which exact localized nonlinear modes for the NLSE can be obtained. The solutions with singular phases are obtained for a few complex potentials.