Nonlinear Response of Global Monsoon Precipitation to Atlantic Overturning Strength Variations During Marine Isotope Stage 3

Abstract

AbstractMonsoon rainfall proxy records show clear millennial variations corresponding to abrupt climate events in Greenland ice cores during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). The occurrence of these abrupt climate changes is associated with Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength variations which greatly impact the global oceanic energy transport. Hence, the AMOC most likely plays a key role in modulating the global monsoon rainfall at millennial time scale. No modeling work has hitherto investigated the global monsoon system response to AMOC changes under a MIS3 background climate. Using the coupled climate model CCSM3, we simulated MIS3 climate using full 38 ka before present boundary conditions and performed a set of freshwater hosing/extraction experiments. We show not only agreement between modeling results and proxies of monsoon rainfall within the global monsoon domain but also highlight a nonlinear relationship between AMOC strength and annual mean global monsoon precipitation related to oceanic heat transport constraints. During MIS3, a weakened AMOC induces a decrease in annual mean global monsoon rainfall dominated by the northern hemisphere, whereas southern hemisphere monsoon rainfall increases. Above about 16 Sverdrups a further strengthening of the AMOC has no significant impact on hemispheric and global monsoon domain annual mean rainfall. The seasonal monsoon rainfall shows the same nonlinear response like annual mean both hemispherically and globally.