Abstract
As inflation ends, non-perturbative phenomena such as stochastic resonances and tachyonic preheating can amplify quantum fluctuations of the matter fields, creating particles in a far-from-equilibrium state. The instabilities grow exponentially fast on cosmological time-scales. Such exponential growth cannot proceed forever. Eventually, the produced particles back-react on the preheating process. Mode-mode couplings and non-linear interactions become important. Soon the inflaton condensate fragments and non-linear dynamics takes over. The subsequent evolution of the bosonic fields can be rather non-trivial and a lot of interesting things can happen. Towards the end of this out-of-equilibrium evolution, the fields must thermalize, marking the end of reheating and setting the scene for big-bang nucleosynthesis.
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