Abstract
Nonlinear frequency generation requires high intensity density which is usually achieved with pulsed laser sources, anomalous dispersion, high nonlinear coefficients or long interaction lengths. Whispering gallery mode microresonators (WGMRs) are photonic devices that enhance nonlinear interactions and can be exploited for continuous wave (CW) nonlinear frequency conversion, due to their capability of confine light for long time periods in a very small volume, even though in the normal dispersion regime. All signals must be resonant with the cavity. Here, we present a review of nonlinear optical processes in glass microspherical cavities, hollow and solid.
Highlights
Optical resonators have been gaining a lot of interest in recent decades in all branches of modern optics, both linear and nonlinear optics [1]
We tested first the bubble with the fluorescein filling that was imaged with a 4X dry objective using a CCD camera to see the complete whispering gallery modes (WGMs) at the equator
We present an overview of the latest advances in the area of nonlinear frequency generation in Whispering gallery mode microresonators (WGMRs)
Summary
Optical resonators have been gaining a lot of interest in recent decades in all branches of modern optics, both linear and nonlinear optics [1]. These 3D WGMR show very high quality factor Q, their fabrication is easy and regarding nonlinear frequency generation, their very dense mode spectra eases the phase-matching processes required for parametric and hyper-parametric interactions. Parametrical processes are predominant for non or near resonant interactions where the initial and final quantum states are the same, which means that there is no real absorption of photons by the material Since these processes involve only virtual energy levels, their lifetimes are extremely short (less than a femtosecond). Non-parametric processes involve real energy levels with different initial and final quantum states In this case, there is energy transfer from the photons to the host medium with a relative longer lifetime and it is predominant for resonant interactions. It has been observed in conjunction THG,SRS and TSFG; or SBS and FWM
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