Abstract
Abstract The discovery of graphene has intrigued the significant interest in exploring and developing the two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) for the photonics application in recent years. Unlike the isotropic graphene, a number of 2DLMs possess the in-plane anisotropic crystal structure with low symmetry, enabling a new degree of freedom for achieving the novel polarization-dependent and versatile ultrafast photonic devices. In this review article, we focus on the typical anisotropic 2DLMs including BP, ReS2, ReSe2, SnS, and SnSe and summarize the recent development of these anisotropic 2DLMs in the pulsed laser and the optical switch applications. First, we introduce the fabrication methods as well as the material characterization of the anisotropic 2DLMs by analyzing the polarized Raman configuration. Second, we discuss the anisotropic nonlinear optical properties of the anisotropic 2DLMs and concentrate on the anisotropic nonlinear absorption response. Next, we sum up state of the art of the anisotropic 2DLMs in the application of pulse lasers and optical switches. This review ends with perspectives on the challenge and outlook of the anisotropic 2DLMs for ultrafast photonics applications.
Highlights
The discovery of graphene marks an important milestone and has opened a new era in the exploration and development of the two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) in recent years
We focus on the typical anisotropic 2DLMs including black phosphorus (BP), ReS2, ReSe2, SnS, and SnSe and summarize the recent development of these anisotropic 2DLMs in the pulsed laser and the optical switch applications
GeP exhibits low-symmetry crystal structure as a member of group IV–V compounds [222], which has been developed for saturable absorbers, optical switches, and photodetectors [223, 224]
Summary
The discovery of graphene marks an important milestone and has opened a new era in the exploration and development of the two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) in recent years. The anisotropic optical properties of the layered ReS2 and ReSe2 have been theoretically investigated [95], and its polarization-dependent second- and third- harmonic generations have been demonstrated [100, 110]. A number of anisotropic 2DLMs have been found with the polarization-dependent saturable absorption (SA) properties, such as BP [107], SnSe [105], SnS [111], ReS2 [94], ReSe2 [95], and so on. The representative anisotropic 2DLMs attempted in ultrafast photonics application have been summarized: orthorhombic BP, orthorhombic SnSe and SnS, triclinic ReS2, and ReSe2. The recent progress of the photonic application of the anisotropic 2DLMs in pulse lasers and optical switches is included. It is expected that this review can stimulate further interest in exploring the potential of anisotropic 2DLMs for ultrafast photonics applications
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