Abstract
Simple nonlinear observers for the on-line estimation of the specific growth rate from presently attainable real-time measurements are presented. The proposed observers do not assume or require any model for the specific growth rate and they are very successful in accurately estimating this parameter. Moreover, they are very easy to implement and to calibrate. Indeed, due to the particular structure of their gain, their tuning is reduced to the calibration of a single parameter. Simulation results obtained under different operating conditions are given in order to highlight the performances of the proposed estimators.
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