Abstract
Particle accelerations by an Alfvén-wave ‘pulse’ are investigated analytically and numerically. It is found that as a function of pulse amplitude, there may exist three types of distinct phases in cyclotron-resonance interactions. First, when the amplitude is small the acceleration is linear with a single resonance peak. As the pulse amplitude increases, a weakly nonlinear regime characterized by multiple resonances emerges. Further above this regime, the interaction transforms into a strongly nonlinear one, which is characterized by unique velocity-dependent regions, i.e., multiple resonances at relatively small velocities and reflections at larger velocities.
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