Abstract
We report the structural, magnetoelectric (ME), magnetic and electric control of magnetic properties in Co4Nb2O9 (CNO) single crystal. A detailed ME measurement reveals a nonlinear ME effect instead of a linear ME effect in CNO single crystal. By fitting the magnetization-electric field (M-E) curve, it can be found that the linear ({alpha }_{e}) and quadratic (γ) coefficients equal to ~8.27 ps/m and ~−6.46 ps/MV for upper branch, as well as ~8.38 ps/m and ~6.75 ps/MV for the lower branch. More importantly, a pronounced response was observed under a small cooling magnetic field, which cannot even cause the spin flop. This suggests a magnetoelectric effect can occur at paraelectric state for CNO single crystal. Furthermore, we also found that the magnetization of every axis responds to electric field applied along a-axis, but fails to do so when the electric field is applied c-axis. Such findings supply a direct evidence to the magnetic structure and ME coupling mechanism indirectly reflected by our neutron experiment.
Highlights
Multiferroics have attracted a lot of attention as they exhibit coexistence of two or more switchable states such as polarization, magnetization or strain[1,2] rendering them very interesting for both their intriguing fundamental physics and promising applications
In our recent research work[11], we carefully studied the magnetic structure by using neutron powder diffraction and irreducible representation analysis
We found that the magnetic space group is C2/c’ with two independent sites for Co
Summary
Multiferroics have attracted a lot of attention as they exhibit coexistence of two or more switchable states such as polarization, magnetization or strain[1,2] rendering them very interesting for both their intriguing fundamental physics and promising applications. A magnetodielectric peak attributed to magnetically-driven spin-flop phase transition was observed in polycrystalline CNO near the antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature (TN = 27.5 K) under a high external magnetic field (>12 kOe). Both the magnetically-induced electric polarization and the control of magnetization with an electric field were observed in polycrystalline CNO by Fang et al.[5]. Khanh et al proposed a magnetic structure with space group C2/c’ by using single-crystal neutron diffraction[8]. If the magnetic structure corresponds to that space group, an antiferromagnetic phase transition along c-axis should be observed. We found that the magnetization of every axis responds to electric field applied along a-axis, but unchanged when the electric field is applied c-axis
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