Nonlinear isotope-shift effects in Be-like, B-like, and C-like argon

Abstract

Violation of linearity of the King plot is investigated for a chain of partially stripped argon isotopes. The nonlinearity originates within the Standard Model from subtle contributions to the isotope shifts from next-to-leading order effects, which have never been systematically studied so far. In light atoms these nonlinear effects are dominated by the quadratic nuclear recoil ($\propto 1/M^2$ where $M$ is the nuclear mass). Large-scale relativistic calculations of the linear and quadratic mass shift and the field shift are performed for the $2P$ fine-structure transitions in Be-like, B-like, and C-like argon ions. Nonlinearities of the King plots from 5 to 30 kHz are found, which is four orders of magnitude larger than previous estimates in comparable systems. Accurate calculations of these effects are vital for identification of possible nonlinearities originating from physics beyond the Standard Model.