Nonlinear interaction and the transition to turbulence in the wake of a circular cylinder

Abstract

The transition and the development of turbulence in the near wake of a circular cylinder are investigated using hot-wire anemometry and flow visualization. The formation zone of the large regular vortices is studied in the subcritical regime (2000 < U0D/v < 60000). with and without the introduction of a splitter plate. Two different regimes are identified in the interaction between the von Kármán vortices and those of the shear layer emerging from the separated boundary layer. Experimental evidence is given in support of the strong coupling at low Reynolds numbers characterized by phase modulations between the two types of structures. The interaction is weaker at high Reynolds numbers where the small-scale vortices are disconnected from the regular vortex shedding, giving rise to an intermittent pattern. Spectral properties are used to describe the different stages of the interaction between the shear-layer vortices and the alternating ones. Physical properties of the interaction are examined separately in a numerical simulation using a pressure-velocity formulation. Both unexcited and excited two-dimensional plane mixing layers are studied using streakline maps and time traces of the dynamical properties. The main features of the simulated vortex development are in agreement with the experimental results.