Abstract

A general nonlinear finite element formulation is given for two-dimensional problems. The formulation applies to the practically important cases of shells of revolution, tubes, rings, beams and frames. The approach is deduced from a corresponding three-dimensional formulation [4] and this enables a simplified implementation, especially with respect to constitutive software. Uniform reduced-integration Lagrange elements are employed and shown to be very effective for the class of problems considered.

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