Nonlinear evolution of large-scale structure in the universe

Abstract

Using N-body simulations we study the nonlinear development of primordial density perturbation in an Einstein--de Sitter universe. We compare the evolution of an initial distribution without small-scale density fluctuations to evolution from a random Poisson distribution. These initial conditions mimic the assumptions of the adiabatic and isothermal theories of galaxy formation. The large-scale structures which form in the two cases are markedly dissimilar. In particular, the correlation function xi(r) and the visual appearance of our adiabatic (or ''pancake'') models match better the observed distribution of galaxies. This distribution is characterized by large-scale filamentary structure. Because the pancake models do not evolve in a self-similar fashion, the slope of xi(r) steepens with time; as a result there is a unique epoch at which these models fit the galaxy observations. We find the ratio of cutoff length to correlation length at this time to be lambda/sub min//r/sub 0/ = 5.1; its expected value in a neutrino dominated universe is 4(..cap omega..h)/sup -1/ (H/sub 0/ = 100h km s/sup -1/ Mpc/sup -1/). At early epochs these models predict a negligible amplitude for xi(r) and could explain the lack of measurable clustering in the Ly..cap alpha.. absorption lines of high-redshift quasars. However, large-scale structuremore » in our models collapses after z = 2. If this collapse precedes galaxy formation as in the usual pancake theory, galaxies formed uncomfortably recently. The extent of this problem may depend on the cosmological model used; the present series of experiments should be extended in the future to include models with ..cap omega..<1.« less