Abstract
In environments with high dense neutrino gases, such as in core-collapse supernovae, the neutrinos can experience collective neutrino oscillation due to their self-interactions. In particular, fast flavor conversion driven by the crossings in the neutrino angular distribution can affect explosion mechanism, nucleosynthesis, and neutrino observation. We perform the numerical computation of nonlinear flavor evolution on the neutrino angular distribution with tiny crossings expected to be generated in the preshock region. We demonstrate that the fast instability is triggered and a cascade develops under a realistic three-flavor model considering muon production and weak magnetism in the supernova dynamics. The tiny crossing excites specific spatial modes, and then the flavor instability propagates into other modes which otherwise remain stable due to the nonlinear effects. Our results indicate that fast flavor conversion can rise in the preshock region and have a sufficient impact on the flavor contents.
Highlights
Massive stars experience core collapse and end their lives
Fast flavor conversion driven by the crossings in the neutrino angular distribution can affect explosion mechanism, nucleosynthesis, and neutrino observation
An enormous amount of neutrinos is released from the core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and enables us to cultivate the understanding of the inner physics from the observation [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Summary
Massive stars experience core collapse and end their lives. An enormous amount of neutrinos is released from the core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and enables us to cultivate the understanding of the inner physics from the observation [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The existence of fast flavor conversion is equivalent to the presence of a zero crossing in the neutrino flavor lepton number (NFLN) angular distribution [45]. The region where the ELN crossing can appear has been found near the proto-neutron star, where collective effects are completely suppressed by dense matter in the previous studies based on the bulb model [38,39,40,41,42]. Morinaga et al [43] pointed out that the inward-going components, due to the coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, create tiny ELN crossings and can lead to the fast flavor conversion irrespective of multidimensional effects in the supernova (SN) dynamics. Muon production in SN dynamics can create significant differences in the heavy lepton number and erase the shallow ELN crossings, for example, in the preshock region.
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