Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a versatile technique that can characterize electrochemical systems, but nonlinear EIS (NLEIS) can yield more information. In this work, the NLEIS response of Ti dissolution in 25 mM HF is reported. The NLEIS was acquired using lock-in amplifier as well as FFT analyzer. The data from lock-in amplifiers had better signal to noise ratio compared to the data from FFT analyzer but the runtime was significantly longer for lock-in measurements. The magnitude and phase of the current response at fundamental and higher harmonics are reported. A four step mechanism with two adsorbed intermediates was proposed to explain the observed results. The experimental results were compared with the reaction mechanism model predictions.
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