Non-Linear Effects on the LH Wave Coupling in Tore Supra and Impact on the LH Current Drive Efficiency

Abstract

A strong, non‐linear degradation of the Lower Hybrid (LH) wave coupling in Tore Supra can be observed when the LH launcher is screened on both sides by additional side limiters, such as side protections of adjacent Ion Cyclotron (IC) antennas. The power reflection coefficient (RC) at the LH grill mouth is estimated to increase from ∼20% at low power density (<1 MW/m2) up to >40% at high power density (>10 MW/m2). Such large RC (>40%) is unacceptably high, in particular for long durations. The screening by the additional side limiters reduces the connection length in front of the LH grill, which results in lower λn, λT, ne and Te at the grill. However, the reduction in ne alone is not enough to explain the non‐linear behaviour. Modelling with a code that takes into account a ponderomotive force potential [1], depleting the electron density in front of the grill, shows consistent results. In full non‐inductive current drive scenarios, the observed degradation in LH coupling is measurable on the LH current drive efficiency, through the increase in coupled LH power required to maintain VLoop = 0. These results demonstrate thus the importance of being able to control the LH coupling conditions, in order to optimize the efficiency and power handling of LH systems.