Abstract
Ohm’s law with the linear relation between resistive voltage and electric current is strictlyvalid only in the limit of infinitesimally small voltages. On the other hand, at finite electricvoltages nonlinearities in the electric resistance can develop due to the energy picked up bythe charge carriers in the electric field. This can lead to important effects both inthe case of semiconductors and of superconductors, where the energy rise of thecharge carriers or the quasiparticles can become relatively large. In this paperwe limit our discussion to the flux-flow voltage in the mixed state of a type-IIsuperconductor. At sufficiently low temperatures the energy dependence of thequasiparticle density of states and, hence, of the quasiparticle scattering rate can causedistinct nonlinear effects in the flux-flow resistance. The recent advances in thin-filmsample preparation provided new opportunities for observing nonlinear effects of the latterkind.
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