Nonlinear Dynamics of a Prey–Predator Model Using Precise and Imprecise Harvesting Phenomena with Biological Parameters

Abstract

This paper presents the nonlinear dynamics of a one-prey and one-predator harvesting model with precise in nature as well as imprecise in biological phenomena parameters. We derived the conditions for boundedness, the equilibrium point, and stability analysis. Both precise and imprecise models showed stable, unstable, and saddle-point states. The stability analysis revealed the existence of biological and bionomic equilibria. In this study, we found the optimal harvesting policy for both prey and predator species. Finally, numerical experiments were performed with various parameter values to observe the variation of equilibrium states.