Abstract
A triboelectric energy harvester based on a three-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact oscillator is presented. Both the dynamic model of the oscillator and the theoretical model of the oscillator-based triboelectric energy harvester are established. The dynamic response and its effect on the electrical output are considered for various mass ratios and mass spacings. The study leads to the conclusions that the symmetric mass configurations of the oscillator are more beneficial to energy harvesting than the asymmetric cases. The extent of the initial spacing between the masses influences the dynamics of the system and the electrical output by triggering grazing bifurcation. High-order periodicity is found to accompany a reduction in the electrical power. An increase in mass ratio tends to increase the electrical output, and there may exist an optimal mass ratio at which the electrical output is maximized. Chatter and sticking motion can improve the output performance dramatically, while resonance, as usual, corresponds to large amplitude response, but these large amplitudes are not optimal for triboelectric energy harvesting, and thus the maximal output does not appear around resonance. This is different from other types of vibration-based energy harvesters, such as piezoelectric and magnetoelectric energy harvesters which are usually designed to operate at resonance. In addition, chatter is found to occur at low excitation frequencies, which can help harvest energy from low-frequency ambient vibration.
Highlights
1.1 Mechanical energy harvestingAmong the various energy harvesting categories, harvesting energy from ambient vibration has received much attention over the past few decades
(b) (c) (f) model is developed in Simulink to simulate the corresponding electrical output
Both the nonlinear dynamics of the vibro-impact system and the electrical output performance of the harvester are investigated, and the conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Different mass distributions could lead to very distinct impact characteristics
Summary
Among the various energy harvesting categories, harvesting energy from ambient vibration has received much attention over the past few decades. Energy harvesters that convert the ambient vibration energy into electricity enable the development of self-powered wireless sensors that can address these problems. According to their basic working mechanisms, there are mainly three types of vibration-based energy harvesters: namely piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), magnetoelectric energy harvesters (MEHs) and triboelectric energy harvesters (TEHs). Most research on TEHs is limited to experimental studies, especially involving the technology of material surface processing This has resulted in some self-powered prototype sensors tailored to far-reaching applications including active alcohol breath analysers [4], 3D acceleration sensors [5], dynamic displacement monitoring systems [6], and wind-speed sensors [7]. Similar devices could be used to harvest energy from human motion, and/or to partially replace conventional batteries so as to reduce pollution and cost [8]
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