Abstract
This article presents a theoretical analysis of the effects of varying thermo-physical properties, chemical reactions, and activation energy on the quadratic convective transport of nanofluids. The flow is created through an inclined plate in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. The nanofluid model includes thermophoresis and Brownian motion to account for nanoparticle movement. The original flow equations are transformed using similarity transformations, and the resulting dimensionless equations are solved with a multi-domain spectral collocation approach. The effects of physical parameters on flow variables, heat and mass transfer coefficients are discussed. Comparisons between vertical and inclined plates reveal that inclination improves thermal performance but decreases velocity and engineering-related quantities. Fluctuating viscosity and nonlinear convection speed up fluid flow, whereas temperature rises with variable thermal conductivity and Biot number. Variable fluid properties, nonlinear convection, and convective heat conditions enhance heat transport coefficients. Activation energy boosts nanoparticle volume fraction profiles but decreases mass transport rates.
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