Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) have been widely used therapeutic applications in medical research and clinical practice. Recently, UCA have been shown to be effective in vitro in ultrasound mediated sonoporation and gene transfection and treating vascular thrombosis. The possible primary reasons proposed for the therapeutic applications of UCA are acoustic cavitation [W. J. Greenleaf et al., Ultrasound Med. Biol. 24, 587–595 (1998)] and acoustic microstreaming surrounding acoustically driven UCA [J. Wu, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 28, 125–129 (2002)]. Our study has shown that low frequency (0.6 MHz) is more effective than high frequency (2 MHz) in effects related to the acoustic cavitation, and the opposite is true for the microstreaming due to the nonlinear oscillation behavior of encapsulated bubbles of UCA.
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