Abstract
The use of acoustic levitation cells has become increasingly popular in both basic research and industrial materials processing. Most theoretical studies of the forces involved have assumed a linear response of the levitated object to the acoustic field. In this study some of the effects of the nonlinear responses of highly compressible spheres (i.e., gas bubbles in a liquid) on the time-average radiation force are described. The results show that, for example, as the pressure amplitude increases (1) the radius at which the force changes sign decreases; (2) the positions in the field at which the force is maximal shift relative to the positions of the maxima determined using linear theory for radii less than the fundamental resonance; (3) at a fixed position in the field, harmonic resonance responses produce local maxima in the acoustic force. The presence of the higher-order harmonic resonances also may be seen in calculations of the levitation number for a suspended bubble. Implications for levitated liquid drops will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH.]
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