Nonlinear absorption of methylprednisolone by absorptive and secretory transporters

Abstract

The intestinal absorption rate constant of methylprednisolone (MP) evaluated by the loop method increased significantly with increasingly higher concentrations of the drug up to 500 μM in a nonlinear fashion but did not increase further at higher concentrations. Mucosal-to-serosal directed permeation of MP across rat jejunal sheets also increased in a nonlinear fashion in a low concentration range (100–150 μM), followed by a decrease as the concentration increased further, whereas serosal-to-mucosal directed permeation decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Vectorial transport of MP across Caco-2 cell monolayers was observed, with greater transport in the basolateral-to-apical direction at 37 °C. These observations suggest that MP is taken up in the intestinal epithelial cells by a carrier-mediated transport mechanism. The absorptive and secretory clearance of MP increased and decreased with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors, respectively. These results strongly suggest that MP is secreted into the intestinal lumen predominantly by P-gp. We conclude that intestinal transport of MP involves P-gp or some other transporters in both the absorptive and secretory directions, and complex nonlinear intestinal absorption characteristics can be ascribed to the existence of multiple transport mechanisms.