Abstract
Aims: Invasive techniques in fetal diagnosis and therapy are gradually changing to noninvasive methods, which would be presented in this article as well. Methods: Noninvasive methods in fetal diagnosis are reviewed. Results: External ultrasonic Doppler autocorrelation fetal monitor; ultrasonic Doppler fetal actocardiogram; ultrasonic 2D, 3D, 4D imaging methods, pulsed Doppler blood flow record, color and power Doppler flow mappings, gray level histogram width method in the prediction of neonatal RDS in preterm fetal lung; other tissue characterization techniques and recent noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) in fetal diagnoses, high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for the TRAP sequence in monochorionic twins in fetal therapy were presented. Conclusion: Noninvasive methods were introduced to fetal studies to perform fetal diagnosis and therapy safely
Highlights
There have been many diagnostic techniques using amniotic fluid or placental villi, for which needed puncture of amniotic fluid and placental villi sampling (CVS) in early pregnancy
Immature fetal lung was diagnosed in preterm births by the chemical or physical property of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis
Immature fetal lung prediction by ultrasonic tissue characterization: The immature fetal lung was predicted by the analysis of chemical and physical properties of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis, while immature fetal lung tissue of preterm fetus was diagnosed by ultrasonic gray level histogram with (GLHW) value, an ultrasonic tissue characterization created by Maeda [11], and the lung immaturity followed by neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is diagnosed by the GLHW before delivery without amniocentesis, i.e
Summary
External ultrasonic Doppler autocorrelation fetal monitor; ultrasonic Doppler fetal actocardiogram; ultrasonic 2D, 3D, 4D imaging methods, pulsed Doppler blood flow record, color and power Doppler flow mappings, gray level histogram width method in the prediction of neonatal RDS in preterm fetal lung; other tissue characterization techniques and recent noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) in fetal diagnoses, high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for the TRAP sequence in monochorionic twins in fetal therapy were presented
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