Abstract
Anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are not able to carry adequate oxygen to the body’s tissues, and is widely found in nearly a quarter of the world population. The typical method to screen for the iron-deficiency anemia, which is the major anemia found in the world, is to implement a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC). However, even though this test gives a highly accurate result, it requires an invasive blood drawing and lab analyzing which could potentially cause physical pain, high risk of infection and take a long time to analyze. Therefore, this research presents an alternative method using an optical technique to measure hemoglobin concentration, which is the common indicator for diagnosing anemia. The light absorbance of the oxyhemoglobin at the wavelength of 660 nm and the deoxyhemoglobin at the wavelength of 880 nm were measured using the MAX30100 sensor. These wavelengths of light are obtained from red and infrared (IR) LEDs. The concept is based on the different absorption coefficients of blood at different electromagnetic wavelengths. This fact is used to indirectly calculate the hemoglobin concentration of blood through the modified Beer–Lambert law. Moreover, the result has been further converted to absolute hemoglobin concentration using a calibration curve derived from the cyanmethemoglobin test, which is the regular method for hemoglobin determination. Besides, the android application was also provided which can wirelessly record or monitor the data. The experiment shows that an accuracy of 90.9% can be achieved by our proposed noninvasive method. Therefore, the noninvasive portable hemoglobin concentration monitoring by the optical sensor has an acceptable result when compared with the invasive method, with less pain and lower risk of infection, as well as shorter processing time.
Highlights
Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most essential components of the human red blood cell
This paper presents a noninvasive hemoglobin concentration monitoring method using the optical sensor by studying the light absorbance of hemoglobin at the wavelengths of 660 and 880 nm, and subsequently using the modified Beer–Lambert law to calculate the relative hemoglobin concentration
Our proposed noninvasive hemoglobin concentration measurement is based on the well-known Beer–Lambert law, where a light source is aimed onto a material
Summary
Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most essential components of the human red blood cell. It is composed of four protein molecules, called globulin chains, and each globulin chain contains an important central structure called the heme molecule, which has iron embedded within [1,2]. Hemoglobin in red blood cells is responsible for carrying oxygen from the alveoli in the lung to all the cells and tissues within the body [1]. Having anemia makes the body’s tissues fail to acquire a sufficient amount of oxygen, resulting in a variety of disorders such as tiredness, weakness, or even heart failure, which may lead to death [3]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 24.8% of the world’s population suffers from anemia [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
