Noninvasive Monitoring of Metabolism and Hemodynamics Using Super-Continuum Infrared Spectroscopy of a Cytochrome C Oxidase (SCISCCO) Instrument

Abstract

We present a novel, noninvasive, super-continuum infrared spectroscopy of cytochrome c oxidase (SCISCCO) system for simultaneously measuring hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, and we demonstrate its utility by applying it to lab calibration tests, human studies, and swine animal studies. The system optically assays the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), as well as traditional markers including oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin. To demonstrate in vivo feasibility, the measured responses of oxygenation and CCO responses to acute ischemia on the arm and forehead in human participants are compared to data from the literature. The validated SCISCCO system is then applied in human studies to measure cerebral oxygenation and the redox state of CCO in participants during an attention test protocol. We show that the redox state of CCO and hemodynamics measured by the SCISCCO system are consistent with the physiological hypothesis established in prior studies. To enable use of the SCISCCO system in laboratory and hospital settings as well as transportation to remote locations, a cart-based SCISCCO prototype system has also been developed. The cart-based SCISCCO prototype is applied to swine animal models undergoing induction of hemorrhagic shock followed by partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (pREBOA). The pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using the SCISCCO instrument within the context of existing protocols and validates the instrument’s measurements against the physiological and hemodynamic parameters measured by other conventional devices.