Abstract
For certain diseases, the continuous long-term monitoring of the physiological condition is crucial. Therefore, non-invasive monitoring methods have attracted widespread attention in health care. This review aims to discuss the non-invasive monitoring technologies for human health based on photoacoustic spectroscopy. First, the theoretical basis of photoacoustic spectroscopy and related devices are reported. Furthermore, this article introduces the monitoring methods for blood glucose, blood oxygen, lipid, and tumors, including differential continuous-wave photoacoustic spectroscopy, microscopic photoacoustic spectroscopy, mid-infrared photoacoustic detection, wavelength-modulated differential photoacoustic spectroscopy, and others. Finally, we present the limitations and prospects of photoacoustic spectroscopy.
Highlights
Diabetes is closely related to blood glucose, as it is manifested as a long-term blood glucose level disorder [4]
The long-term monitoring of blood glucose levels is critical for the treatment of diabetes
A method based on enzyme and electric measurement was developed for monitoring blood glucose, it requires finger pricking [5] and applying blood drops on disposable test strips, which brings about pain and the risk of infection [6]
Summary
Many people are suffering from various diseases worldwide, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc., which cause death to tens of millions of people every year [1,2,3]. People have proposed many methods and technologies over the past decades in order to monitor blood glucose, blood oxygen, lipid, and tumors non-invasively and effectively. These methods can be divided into optical methods and non-optical methods. This review aims at familiarizing researchers with the current technical advancements of PAS in human monitoring and discusses future research directions that can promote the development of methods with higher sensitivity and less error, and which reduce the discomfort and pain of patients.
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