Abstract
Elevated intracranial fluid volume can drive intracranial pressure increases, which can potentially result in numerous neurological complications or death. This study’s focus was to develop a passive skin patch sensor for the head that would non-invasively measure cranial fluid volume shifts. The sensor consists of a single baseline component configured into a rectangular planar spiral with a self-resonant frequency response when impinged upon by external radio frequency sweeps. Fluid volume changes (10 mL increments) were detected through cranial bone using the sensor on a dry human skull model. Preliminary human tests utilized two sensors to determine feasibility of detecting fluid volume shifts in the complex environment of the human body. The correlation between fluid volume changes and shifts in the first resonance frequency using the dry human skull was classified as a second order polynomial with R2 = 0.97. During preliminary and secondary human tests, a ≈24 MHz and an average of ≈45.07 MHz shifts in the principal resonant frequency were measured respectively, corresponding to the induced cephalad bio-fluid shifts. This electromagnetic resonant sensor may provide a non-invasive method to monitor shifts in fluid volume and assist with medical scenarios including stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, concussion, or monitoring intracranial pressure.
Highlights
Pathological increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) can be associated with a number of neurological complications and even death in patients who have had stroke, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory response of the central nervous system, or have undergone neurosurgical or neurological procedures
The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a point-of-care, non-invasive electromagnetic resonant skin patch sensor to measure changes in intracranial fluid volume; (2) to detect fluid volume shifts inside a dry human skull model; and (3) to obtain usable sensor signal response associated with induced cephalad bio-fluid shifts in preliminary, proof-of-concept human tests
When the incident RF wave impinged upon the sensor, a current was induced in the spiral trace and produced electric and magnetic fields around the sensor which penetrated into the substrate, namely the skull (Figure 4A)
Summary
Pathological increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) can be associated with a number of neurological complications and even death in patients who have had stroke, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory response of the central nervous system, or have undergone neurosurgical or neurological procedures. These complications can include cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and irreparable brain damage associated with increased morbidity and mortality [1,2]. Equilibrium in the combined volume of these components maintains an equilibrium in ICP allowing constant pressure.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
