Abstract
Monitoring of continuous blood pressure and cardiac output is important to prevent hypoperfusion and to guide fluid administration, but only few patients receive such monitoring due to the invasive nature of most of the methods presently available. Noninvasive blood pressure can be determined continuously using finger cuff technology and cardiac output is easily obtained using a pulse contour method. In this way completely noninvasive continuous blood pressure and cardiac output are available for clinical use in all patients that would otherwise not be monitored. Developments and state of art in hemodynamic monitoring are reviewed here, with a focus on noninvasive continuous hemodynamic monitoring form the finger.
Highlights
Noninvasive blood pressure can be determined continuously using finger cuff technology and cardiac output is obtained using a pulse contour method. In this way completely noninvasive continuous blood pressure and cardiac output are available for clinical use in all patients that would otherwise not be monitored
The primary evaluation of the hemodynamic condition is done by assessing heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (BP) as a surrogate of tissue perfusion
This review summarizes past and present developments in BP and cardiac output (CO) measurement with a focus on continuous noninvasive finger cuff technology and its clinical applications
Summary
The primary evaluation of the hemodynamic condition is done by assessing heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (BP) as a surrogate of tissue perfusion. There is growing evidence that a patient’s cumulative fluid balance as well as strategy to guide fluid administration have an impact on patient morbidity and hospital stay This has stimulated the development of methods that immediately detect changes in cardiac preload and output. J Clin Monit Comput (2012) 26:267–278 thoracic echocardiography or Doppler [13, 14], arterial pulse contour analysis [15,16,17,18] and determination of CO by lithium kinetics [19], several alternatives to the traditional indicator dilution and pulmonary artery catheterization techniques [20,21,22] have become available These alternatives facilitate continuous and even noninvasive evaluation of volume treatment of patients [23]. This review summarizes past and present developments in BP and CO measurement with a focus on continuous noninvasive finger cuff technology and its clinical applications
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