Abstract
Review question / Objective: What is the efficacy or effectiveness of NIBS techniques, specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (paVNS), and neck vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS), in the control of outcomes associated with COVID-19 in the acute or post-COVID persistent syndrome? Eligibility criteria: Included clinical studies assessed participants with acute or persistent post-COVID-19 syndrome submitted to NIBS interventions, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), theta burst (cTBS or iTBS). Studies that used peripheral and spinal cord stimulation techniques were also included. Those included vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), such as transcutaneous auricular (taVNS), percutaneous auricular (paVNS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) and other peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) techniques. Scientific communication, protocol studies, reviews and non-English papers were excluded.
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