Abstract
Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities. The prevalence of non-immune hydrops fetalis is unknown. Currently, about 90% of cases of hydrops fetalis are non-immune hydrops fetalis. Non-immune hydrops fetalis causes are multi-factorial. The pathophysiological mechanism of non-immunologic hydrops fetalis is related to abnormal fluid transportation between plasma and tissues. This is due to the increase in hydrostatic capillary pressure and capillary permeability and a reduction of the plasma osmotic pressure or lymphatic flow. A variety of viral infection agents have been associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis like parvovirus B19, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, but even other viruses that attack the maternal and fetus during pregnancy cannot be excluded as possible causes of non-immune hydrops fetalis. We present one case of non-immune hydrops fetalis who was diagnosed intra-uterine, three weeks after recovery from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). After much investigation, we could not find any known factor that may be the cause of non-immunologic hydrops fetalis. Therefore, we predisposed a possible causal connection between nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Highlights
Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities, including the serous cavities such as pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal, with associated skin oedema
The causes can be different, such as those cardiovascular which make up about 21.7%, hematologic which represent 10.4% (Hb Bart’s HF), chromosomal;13.4% (Turner syndrome), infectious, and more rarely: syndromic (Costello syndrome, Meckel syndrome), inborn errors of metabolism, urinary and thoracic tract malformations, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia or idiopathic [5,6,7,8]
It is known that a variety of infectious agents have been associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis such as parvovirus B19; Toxoplasma gondii; rubella virus; cytomegalovirus; herpes simplex virus; enterovirus; syphilis; chickenpox virus; Lyme disease, and many other viral agents
Summary
Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities, including the serous cavities such as pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal, with associated skin oedema.The prevalence of non-immune hydrops fetalis is unknown as it is difficult to obtain when many cases are not diagnosed before intrauterine death or may spontaneously resolve antenatal.Currently, about 90% of cases of hydrops are nonimmune hydrops fetalis [1], with prevalence reported as 1 in 1,700-3,000 pregnancies [2,3,4].Non-immune hydrops fetalis are the result of an increase in interstitial fluid production. Cuvinte cheie: pregnant women, non-immune hydrops fetalis, coronavirus disease Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities, including the serous cavities such as pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal, with associated skin oedema. Non-immune hydrops fetalis are the result of an increase in interstitial fluid production.
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