Abstract
Several human adenoviral (Ad) vectors have been developed for vaccine delivery owing to their numerous advantages, including the feasibility of different vector designs, the robustness of elicited immune responses, safety, and scalability. To expand the repertoire of Ad vectors for receptor usage and circumvention of Ad vector immunity, the use of less prevalent human Ad types or nonhuman Ads were explored for vector design. Notably, many nonhuman Ad vectors have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical studies as vectors for vaccine delivery. This review describes the key features of several nonhuman Ad vector platforms and their implications in developing effective vaccines against infectious diseases.
Highlights
Vaccines for Infectious Diseases.Adenoviruses (Ads) have been an invaluable tool for in vivo gene delivery, which has dramatically influenced the usefulness of Ad vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy
Several nonhuman Ads based on chimpanzee Ad, canine Ad, bovine Ad, ovine Ad, porcine Ad, avian Ad, and others have been developed as vectors to supplement or replace HAd vectors to evade preexisting vector immunity (Table 1)
ChAd3/modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) bearing the Ebola virus (EBOV) Zaire GP gene resulted in increased anti-GP antibody titers by 12-fold and GP-specific CD8+ T-cells by 5-fold, which persisted for 6 months post-boost
Summary
Adenoviruses (Ads) have been an invaluable tool for in vivo gene delivery, which has dramatically influenced the usefulness of Ad vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy. Ad vector platforms have numerous advantages for vaccine applications, including immunogen expression for a short duration, low incidence of Ad genome integration into the host DNA, development of balanced humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI). Responses, and a good established safety profile. Ad type 5 (HAd5); less prevalent HAds including types 26 and 35 as well as several nonhuman Ads, including chimpanzee Ad, canine Ad, bovine Ad, ovine Ad, porcine. Avian Ad, and others, are being explored as vectors for gene delivery. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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