Abstract
This chapter discusses linear cross talk and (accumulated) noise which distort wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. Interferometric cross talk behaves differently compared to interchannel cross talk between two WDM signals spaced such that their beat frequency falls within the electrical receiver bandwidth. Fiber and other components' loss leads to decreasing signal power levels. On long transmission links, this loss has to be compensated by optical amplifiers that can almost transparently amplify a multitude of WDM signals. The chapter provides Q‐factor analysis of different optical receivers [PIN, avalanche photodiodes (APDs), and added optical preamplifier (OPA)]. This is followed by a brief analysis of the noise figures of (chains of) optical amplifiers [Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and EDFA with added Raman amplifier]. In order to derive the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) that a photodiode generates, the primary noise sources must be considered. These are quantum (shot) noise and dark current noise.
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