Abstract
The rapid increase of the Josephson free energy as the temperature of a tunneling junction drops below the superconducting transition temperature T c is shown to make this transition of first order in a system in which the phase difference ϕ across the junction is constrained to have a nonzero value. Taking this effect into account, we introduce an availability potential governing the nonisothermal dynamics of the junction which, in contrast with previous results, has no artifacts like latent heat being released upon entering the — high temperature — normal state or a value in this state which depends on the — superconducting — phase difference. The thermodynamic analysis is preceded by a detailed calculation of the Josephson coupling in a model of two ideal BCS superconductors coupled by a tunneling Hamiltonian.
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