Abstract
The efficiencies of electro-kinetic energy conversion in the cases of kaolinite, bentonite and composite clay membranes, consisting of kaolinite and bentonite membrane elements in a parallel array and in a series array, have been calculated. The conversion efficiencies in the case of composite clay membrane systems have been found to be linearly related to the conversion efficiencies of the constituent membrane elements. This result has been experimentally supported in the case of the parallel membranes. The maximum values of the conversion efficiency for both modes of conversion, i.e., electro-osmotic flow and streaming potential have been found to be equal to each other and also independent of the applied input forces. However, the efficiency of energy conversion was found to be dependent on the direction of the input force in the case of a series clay membrane system. The optimum values predicted by the respective figures of merit agree with those experimentally found. The conditions under which the conversion efficiency would be maximum have been deduced.
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