Abstract
A vortex in a Bose–Einstein condensate on a ring undergoes quantum dynamics in response to a quantum quench in terms of partial symmetry breaking from a uniform lattice to a biperiodic one. Neither the current, a macroscopic measure, nor fidelity, a microscopic measure, exhibit critical behavior. Instead, the symmetry memory succeeds in identifying the critical symmetry breaking at which the system begins to forget its initial symmetry state. We further identify a symmetry energy difference in the low lying excited states which trends with the symmetry memory.
Highlights
Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is a rapidly growing field of study in part due to the emergence of hundreds of quantum simulator platforms build on multiple architectures, presenting enormous flexibility to explore new problems with detailed control of lattice structure, interaction strength, and bosonic or fermionic statistics [1,2,3,4]
By taking the opposite route from the many-body localization experiment, i.e. quenching from a uniform lattice to a bi-periodic one and thereby partially breaking the discrete rotational symmetry of a ring lattice, we find a completely different kind of long-lived robust dynamics in which newly identified quantum measures, the symmetry energy difference and the symmetry memory, reveal that the system only ‘remembers’ its initial symmetry state below a critical partial symmetry breaking strength
We will gradually introduce partial symmetry breaking in an optical lattice ring trap model, define the symmetry energy difference and the symmetry memory, and uncover a key dynamical critical behavior therein
Summary
Quantum quench in terms of partial symmetry breaking from a uniform lattice to a biperiodic one. A macroscopic measure, nor fidelity, a microscopic measure, exhibit critical behavior. The symmetry memory succeeds in identifying the critical symmetry breaking at which the system begins to forget its initial symmetry state. We further identify a symmetry energy difference in the low lying excited states which trends with the symmetry memory
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