Abstract
We investigate low-temperature impact-ionization breakdown of extrinsic germanium with the help of both time-averaged and time-resolved current-voltage measurements. Under variation of the lattice temperature as an appropriate thermodynamic control parameter, the underlying nonlinear physics displays a second-order nonequilibrium phase transition. The characteristic critical exponents evaluated reveal a scaling behavior consistent with the predictions of the Landau theory. Finally, an analogy to the well-known van der Waals gas equilibrium system is elucidated.
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