Abstract
We use time-evolution techniques for (infinite) matrix-product-states to calculate, directly in the thermodynamic limit, the time-dependent photoemission spectra and dynamic structure factors of the half-filled Hubbard chain after pulse irradiation. These quantities exhibit clear signatures of the photoinduced phase transition from insulator to metal that occurs because of the formation of so-called $\eta$ pairs. In addition, the spin dynamic structure factor loses spectral weight in the whole momentum space, reflecting the suppression of antiferromagnetic correlations due to the buildup of $\eta$-pairing states. The numerical method demonstrated in this work can be readily applied to other one-dimensional models driven out of equilibrium by optical pumping.
Highlights
The study of systems under optical excitation receives tremendous attention because of both the recent rapid developments of ultrafast pump lasers and the discovery of striking phenomena not observable in equilibrium, such as photoinduced superconducting-like states in high-Tc cuprates [1,2,3] and the alkali-doped fulleride K3C60 [4,5], charge-density waves in the rare-earth tritelluride LaTe3 [6], or the insulator-to-metal transition in the excitonic-insulator candidate, Ta2NiSe5 [7,8,9]
We have demonstrated how the spectral functions of1D systems at nonequilibrium can be simulated directly in the thermodynamic limit by using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique with infinite boundary conditions (IBCs)
We have applied this technique to the optically excited Hubbard chain at half filling and observed that so-called η-pairing states appear after pulse irradiation
Summary
Satoshi Ejima ,* Florian Lange , and Holger Fehske Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (Received 11 October 2021; revised 6 January 2022; accepted 7 January 2022; published 9 February 2022). We use time-evolution techniques for (infinite) matrix product states to calculate, directly in the thermodynamic limit, the time-dependent photoemission spectra and dynamic structure factors of the half-filled Hubbard chain after pulse irradiation. These quantities exhibit clear signatures of the photoinduced phase transition from insulator to metal that occurs because of the formation of so-called η pairs. Time-dependent spectroscopic measurements, such as a timeand angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TARPES) [10,11], in principle enable direct comparison with theory in this time domain It is, challenging to tackle these problems by numerical techniques, especially in systems with emergent photoinduced phase transitions.
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