Nondigestible Oligosaccharides Do Not Increase Accumulation of Lipid Soluble Environmental Contaminants by Mice

Abstract

Supplementing diets with nondigestible fibers that are fermented by the gastrointestinal tract bacteria increases the dimension and absorptive capacities of the small intestine; we hypothesized that this would increase the accumulation of environmental contaminants. This was tested by feeding mice for 6-8 wk diets with fiber at two levels (0 and 100 g/kg) and from different sources (cellulose, lactosucrose, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, inulin) before a 2-wk oral exposure to (14)C-labeled mirex or methylmercury in combination with (3)H-labeled retinol. Concentrations of contaminants and retinol were measured in urine and feces collected for the last 2 d of exposure and in seven tissues (small and large intestine, brain, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract mesentery, gall bladder). Mice fed the same diets, but not exposed to the contaminants, were used for routine microbiology of alimentary canal contents, measurements of intestinal dimensions and in vitro rates of glucose, mirex, methylmercury and retinol absorption by the small intestine. Mice fed the diets with nondigestible oligosaccharides had higher densities of anaerobic bacteria and larger small and large intestines, but did not have greater rates of contaminant absorption or accumulation. Mice exposed to methylmercury accumulated less retinol than mice exposed to mirex. Although diets with nondigestible oligosaccharides fibers reduce accumulation of environmental contaminants, but not retinol, the specific responses vary among tissues, sources of fiber and contaminants. The mechanisms responsible for the influence of nondigestible oligosaccharides can include reduced absorption, increased fecal elimination and transformation to forms that are excreted in the urine.