Abstract
The mechanical properties and the structural state of machined surfaces determine the functional behavior of components. The states of the surface-near zone, especially hardness- and residual stress distributions are influenced by machining parameters. Conventional testing methods such as metallographical inspection, x-ray diffraction, and hardness measurements are time consuming and cannot be used for real time testing. Therefore, there is a considerable need for nondestructive testing techniques. Beside the well known eddy current methods, ferromagnetic- and ultrasonic techniques can be used for measuring microstructure parameters and residual stresses. Whereas electromagnetic- and ferromagnetic analysing methods are restricted to surface-near regions -especially a few millimeters- and also restricted to electrical conductive- or ferromagnetic materials, ultrasonic techniques allow one to evaluate the bulk properties of metallic and ceramic material. In addition, superficial states can also be analysed by ultrasonic methods. In this paper we focus on state of the art of nondestructive procedures and we discuss first application for the evaluation of the surface integrity.
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