Nondestructive Phenomic Tools for the Prediction of Heat and Drought Tolerance at Anthesis in Brassica Species.

Sheng Chen,Wallace A Cowling,Robert T Furbank,Yiming Guo,Xavier Sirault,Katia Stefanova,Kadambot H M Siddique,Neil C Turner,Matthew N Nelson,Renu Saradadevi

doi:10.34133/2019/3264872

Abstract

Oilseed Brassica species are vulnerable to heat and drought stress, especially in the early reproductive stage. We evaluated plant imaging of whole plant and flower tissue, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, quantum yield of photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange for their suitability to detect tolerance to heat (H) and/or drought (D) stress treatments in 12 Brassica genotypes (G). A replicated factorial experiment was set up with 7 d of stress treatment from the beginning of anthesis with various levels of three factors H, D, and G. Most phenomics tools detected plant stress as indicated by significant main effects of H, D, and H×D. Whole plant volume was highly correlated with fresh weight changes, suggesting that whole plant imaging may be a useful surrogate for fresh weight in future studies. Vcmax, the maximum carboxylation rate of photosynthesis, increased rapidly on day 1 in H and H+D treatments, and there were significant interactions of G×H and G×D. Vcmax of genotypes on day 1 in H and H+D treatments was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. Vcmax on day 1 and day 3 were clustered with seed yield in H and H+D treatments as shown in the heatmaps of genotypic correlations. TPU, the rate of triose phosphate use, also showed significant positive genotypic correlations with seed yield in H+D treatments. Flower volume showed significant interactions of G×H and G×D on day 7, and flower volume of genotypes on day 7 in H was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. There were few interactions of G×H or G×D for leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. Vcmax, TPU, and volume of flowers are potential nondestructive phenomic traits for heat or combined heat and drought stress tolerance screening in Brassica germplasm.

Highlights

Heat stress and water deficit often occur in the field simultaneously and have deleterious effects on crop growth, development, and productivity worldwide [1, 2]
photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and quantum yield (Qy) showed a significant main effect of G, but few significant interactions of G×H, G×D, or G×H×D (Table 2), which shows that while genotypes differed in these traits, there was little change in ranking of genotypes across C, H, D, and heat and drought stress (H+D) treatments
In previous growth chamber experiments with drought during anthesis, we showed that the predawn leaf water potential of Brassica plants in small pots was closely correlated with soil water content (SWC) during the drought treatment, and drought stress was evident after 2-3 days of treatment when SWC fell below 60% and leaf conductance (LC) fell from 400 to less than 150 mmol m−2 s−1, at which point leaf water potential was less than -1 MPa [34]

Summary

Introduction

Heat stress and water deficit often occur in the field simultaneously and have deleterious effects on crop growth, development, and productivity worldwide [1, 2]. Heat and drought stress accompanying global climate change are the likely cause of a recent plateau in crop yields in Australia [6]. Oilseed Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) is an important crop traditionally grown in high-rainfall areas but is vulnerable to heat and drought stress especially during the early reproductive stage. It has a relatively narrow gene pool [7] and this situation is accentuated in Australia due to 3 decades of closed recurrent selection [8].

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