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Abstract
Strain-induced phase transformation and damage accumulation in austenitic stainless steel subjected to cyclic loading were investigated by nondestructive evaluation. The cyclic loading test was performed at various strain amplitudes at the same strain rate. The volume fraction of the strain-induced phase transformation (α′-martensite) was determined by ferrite scope and magnetic coercivity measurement. The damage accumulation and microstructure of cyclic loading specimens were characterized by microstructural observation. The cyclic hardening and cyclic softening behavior are discussed in terms of the generation of strain-induced martensite phases and a dislocation substructure at each strain amplitude. The volume fraction of the strain-induced phase increased with the strain amplitude. The increase in α′-martensite was evaluated by measuring the ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter. The presence of α′-martensite is sufficient to distort the austenitic matrix due to an interface misfit between the austenite matrix and α′-martensite, resulting in wave distortion of the longitudinal wave. From this wave distortion, super-harmonics may be generated with nucleation of the strain-induced martensite, a process that strongly depends on the strain amplitude.
Highlights
Austenitic AISI 316L stainless steels are widely used as structural components in heavy industry facilities due to their good corrosion resistance, weldability, and mechanical properties [1,2,3].These structural components are usually subjected to severe cyclic mechanical stress
Cyclic hardening was observed in the initial cycles within several tens of cycles; this was followed by slight second hardening at strain amplitudes ranging from 0.8% to 1.1%, and slight softening following the initial hardening was observed at a strain amplitude of 0.5%
Cyclic hardening was observed within several tens of cycles and followed by slight second hardening at strain amplitudes ranging from 0.8% to 1.1%
Summary
Austenitic AISI 316L stainless steels are widely used as structural components in heavy industry facilities due to their good corrosion resistance, weldability, and mechanical properties [1,2,3]. These structural components are usually subjected to severe cyclic mechanical stress. Due to its importance in the makeup of large industrial parts, there is a growing interest in the failure of austenitic stainless steel This particular subject is important insofar as a significant percentage of the failures that occur in high-temperature equipment utilizing stainless steels result from the presence of cyclic stresses. Structural components designed for severe high-temperature and high-pressure environments at the power and chemical plant facilities deteriorate during their operation, leading to growing safety and integrity concerns
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