Abstract
Partial body weight support or loading sit-to-stand (STS) rehabilitation can be useful for persons with lower limb dysfunction to achieve movement again based on the internal residual muscle force and external assistance. To explicate how the muscles contribute to the kinetics and kinematics of STS performance by non-invasive in vitro detection and to nondestructively estimate the muscle contributions to STS training with different loadings, a wearable sensor system was developed with ground reaction force (GRF) platforms, motion capture inertial sensors and electromyography (EMG) sensors. To estimate the internal moments of hip, knee and ankle joints and quantify the contributions of individual muscle and gravity to STS movement, the inverse dynamics analysis on a simplified STS biomechanical model with external loading is proposed. The functional roles of the lower limb individual muscles (rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAST)) during STS motion and the mechanism of the muscles’ synergies to perform STS-specific subtasks were analyzed. The muscle contributions to the biomechanical STS subtasks of vertical propulsion, anteroposterior (AP) braking and propulsion for body balance in the sagittal plane were quantified by experimental studies with EMG, kinematic and kinetic data.
Highlights
Sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a common, but critical action that almost every independent person performs every day, but millions of people have difficulty in STS motion due to neurological pathologies globally [1]
It was available for non-invasive estimation of joint moments and analysis of STS kinematics
The superimposition before seat-off could be intended as a synergic action of muscles for controlling weight bearing as static joint moments, the muscle synergies continued to increase until the inertial joint moments were adequate to promote vertical propulsion, anteroposterior (AP) braking and propulsion for performing a balanced body support of STS motion
Summary
Sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a common, but critical action that almost every independent person performs every day, but millions of people have difficulty in STS motion due to neurological pathologies globally [1]. Patients with a decrease in leg muscle function experience difficulties in achieving. STS movement requires coordination of several muscle groups to guarantee human balance while achieving the task. To restore muscle strength and improve STS movement coordination, repetitive STS training with appropriate external support is very important for the patients with lower limb motion impairments. Assistant systems, such as exoskeleton/orthosis or a partial body weight support (PBWS) rehabilitation robot, can be used to provide and control external assistance [11,12,13,14]
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