Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are beneficial for human health and can be used as biomarkers for whole-grain cereal intake. In previous studies, ARs content in whole-grain flour was determined by milling the seeds into powder, thus destroying their structure. In this paper, we adopted a non-destructive extraction approach. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extraction methods were carried out to extract lipids from the seed surface and whole-grain flour of 36 wheat varieties in China, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified chemical compounds in which ARs were the major compounds for all the samples. The average total content of ARs (624.223 µg/g) in whole grains was much higher than that on seed surfaces (4.934 µg/g), with a positive correlation (r = 0.863, p < 0.001) between these two parameters. The results suggested that the total ARs content on the seed surface can be used to predict their content in whole-grain flour. Without affecting the seed germination rate and damaging seed structure, we demonstrate that a non-destructive extraction approach is an appropriate and useful method, facilitating the development of rapid screening methods suitable for use in wheat breeding.
Highlights
Alkylresorcinols (ARs), called 5-n-alkylresorcinols, are present in large amounts in cereals [1,2,3].Among the common crops used for human consumption, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) generally has a high ARs content with odd-numbered homologues from C15 to C25 [4,5]
This procedure was used for all wheat seed analyses, and the lipid material recovered by this procedure was collectively termed seed surface lipid (SSL)
We used this chloroform extraction method to examine the presence of lipids on seed surfaces from 36 wheat cultivars
Summary
Alkylresorcinols (ARs), called 5-n-alkylresorcinols, are present in large amounts in cereals [1,2,3].Among the common crops used for human consumption, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) generally has a high ARs content with odd-numbered homologues from C15 to C25 [4,5]. ARs are of interest in nutrition science, which have been suggested as markers for whole-grain wheat in food and as biomarkers for human intake of whole-grain wheat [6,7,8,9]. Previous reports suggested that ARs could inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and increase fecal cholesterol excretion [14,15,16]. Scientific organizations believe that humans would benefit from increased consumption of whole grain foods, as they can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases [17,18,19,20]. Being able to breed wheat that is rich in ARs, with enhanced health benefits, is of great importance
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