Abstract
The circadian clock, synchronized by daily cyclic environmental cues, regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development and increases plant fitness. Even though much is known regarding the molecular mechanism of circadian clock, it remains challenging to quantify the temporal variation of major photosynthesis products as well as their metabolic output in higher plants in a real-time, nondestructive and intuitive manner. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal scenarios of photosynthesis and yield formation regulated by circadian clock, multispectral imaging technique has been employed for nondestructive determination of circadian chlorophyll rhythms in soybean leaves. By utilizing partial least square regression analysis, the determination coefficients R2, 0.9483 for chlorophyll a and 0.8906 for chlorophyll b, were reached, respectively. The predicted chlorophyll contents extracted from multispectral data showed an approximately 24-h rhythm which could be entrained by external light conditions, consistent with the chlorophyll contents measured by chemical analyses. Visualization of chlorophyll map in each pixel offers an effective way to analyse spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll. Our results revealed the potentiality of multispectral imaging as a feasible nondestructive universal assay for examining clock function and robustness, as well as monitoring chlorophyll a and b and other biochemical components in plants.
Highlights
The circadian clock, synchronized by daily cyclic environmental cues, regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development and increases plant fitness
The well-studied core oscillator of circadian clock in Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by the main transcription-translation feedback loop composed of the oscillator CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY)[7,8,9,10,11]
To test if chlorophyll accumulated amount can be used as a potential indicator of endogenous circadian rhythm related to photosynthesis, we further analyzed the variations of chlorophyll concentrations in soybean leaves over typical 24 h light/dark cycles
Summary
The circadian clock, synchronized by daily cyclic environmental cues, regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development and increases plant fitness. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal scenarios of photosynthesis and yield formation regulated by circadian clock, multispectral imaging technique has been employed for nondestructive determination of circadian chlorophyll rhythms in soybean leaves. To uncover the crucial role that endogenous circadian clock plays in plants fitness, it is important to develop a simple, nondestructive, real-time and intuitive approach for the measurement of circadian rhythms. Gould et al.[18] have utilized a delayed fluorescence (DF) approach to measure the rhythmicity of chlorophyll accumulated amount, indicating that chlorophyll accumulated amount can be used as a potential indicator of endogenous circadian In this system, DF is a long-lived light emission by a plant based on the recombination fluorescence, which does not require genetic modification and has a wide range of suitability. MSI with nondestructive advantages is of great value for applications such as remote analyzing the physiological status of a plant and determining the extent to which plant is stressed or at risk from environmental disaster
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