Nonculprit Coronary Plaque Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes the development of atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the coronary plaque characteristics of patients with and without CKD using optical coherence tomography. We identified 463 nonculprit plaques from 287 patients from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) optical coherence tomography registry. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). A total of 402 plaques (250 patients) were in the non-CKD group and 61 plaques (37 patients) were in the CKD group. Compared with non-CKD plaques, plaques with CKD had a larger lipid index (mean lipid arc×lipid length, 1248.4±782.8 mm° [non-CKD] versus 1716.1±1116.2 mm° [CKD]; P=0.003). Fibrous cap thickness was not significantly different between the groups. Calcification (34.8% [non-CKD] versus 50.8% [CKD]; P=0.041), cholesterol crystals (11.2% [non-CKD] versus 23.0% [CKD]; P=0.048), and plaque disruption (5.5% [non-CKD] versus 13.1% [CKD]; P=0.049) were more frequently observed in the CKD group. In the multivariate linear regression model, a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for a larger lipid index. Compared with non-CKD patients, the patients with CKD had a larger lipid index with a higher prevalence of calcium, cholesterol crystals, and plaque disruption. The multivariate linear regression model demonstrated that a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate was an independent risk factor for a larger lipid index.