Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for two-thirds of all deaths globally, with 75% of these occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many LMICs seek cost-effective methods to obtain timely and quality NCD risk factor data that could inform resource allocation, policy development, and assist evaluation of NCD trends over time. Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation of mobile phone ownership and access in LMICs, which, if properly harnessed, has great potential to support risk factor data collection. As a supplement to traditional face-to-face surveys, the ubiquity of phone ownership has made large proportions of most populations reachable through cellular networks. However, critical gaps remain in understanding the ways by which mobile phone surveys (MPS) could aid in collection of NCD data in LMICs. Specifically, limited information exists on the optimization of these surveys with regard to incentives and structure, comparative effectiveness of different MPS modalities, and key ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) in the development, conduct, and analysis of these surveys in LMIC settings. We propose a research agenda that could address important knowledge gaps in optimizing MPS for the collection of NCD risk factor data in LMICs and provide an example of a multicountry project where elements of that agenda aim to be integrated over the next two years.
Highlights
The basis for the choice of risk factors included in STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) has been outlined in Section 3 above
The WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) of Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) is based on sequential levels of surveillance of different aspects of noncommunicable diseases, allowing flexibility and integration at each step by maintaining standardized questionnaires and protocols to ensure comparability over time and across locations (Table 4)
While the STEPS approach can be applied to mortality and morbidity, the focus of this document is its implementation for NCD risk factors
Summary
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are responsible for a high proportion of the death and disability burden in all countries. The WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) of NCD risk factors[1] is based on two key premises: collection of standardized data, and sufficient flexibility for use in a variety of country situations and settings. This approach encourages the development of an increasingly comprehensive and complex surveillance system depending on local needs. For surveillance to be sustainable, the STEPwise approach emphasises that small amounts of good quality data are more valuable than large amounts of poor quality data
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