Abstract
BackgroundDespite one-third of the urban population in Bangladesh living in urban slums and at increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), little is known about the NCD risk profile of this at-risk population. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of the NCD risk factors and the association of NCD risk factors with socio-demographic factors among the adults of urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among adult slum dwellers (aged 25 and above) residing in three purposively selected urban slums of Dhaka for at least six months preceding the survey. The risk factors assessed were- currently smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, hypertension and body mass index (BMI). Information on self-reported diabetes was also taken. A total of 507 participants (252 females; 49.7%) were interviewed and their physical measures were taken using the WHO NCD STEPS instrument.ResultThe overall prevalence of NCD risk factors was: 36.0% (95% CI: 31.82–40.41) for smoking; 95.60% (95% CI: 93.60–97.40) for insufficient fruit and vegetable intake; 15.30% (95% CI:12.12–18.71) for low physical activity;13.70% (95% CI: 10.71–16.92) for hypertension; 22.70% (95% CI: 19.31–26.02) for overweight or obesity; and 5.00% (95%: 3.20–7.00) for self-reported diabetes. In the logistic regression model, the clustering of three or more NCD risk factors was positively associated with younger age groups (p = 0.02), no formal education (p <0.001) and primary education level (p = 0.01), but did not differ by sex of the participants, monthly income and occupation.ConclusionAll NCD risk factors are markedly high among the urban slum adults. These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related polices and plan of actions that recognize urban slum populations in Bangladesh as a priority sub-population.
Highlights
The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly as a result of a number of factors, such as economic development and related erosion of traditional food practices and change in cultural norms, decline in the physical activity, and increase in the sedentary lifestyles [1, 2]
Despite one-third of the urban population in Bangladesh living in urban slums and at increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), little is known about the NCD risk profile of this at-risk population
The overall prevalence of NCD risk factors was: 36.0% for smoking; 95.60% for insufficient fruit and vegetable intake; 15.30% for low physical activity;13.70% for hypertension; 22.70% for overweight or obesity; and 5.00% (95%: 3.20–7.00) for self-reported diabetes
Summary
The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly as a result of a number of factors, such as economic development and related erosion of traditional food practices (increase in the intake of processed foods high in fat, salt and sugar) and change in cultural norms (increase in the use of tobacco and alcohol), decline in the physical activity, and increase in the sedentary lifestyles [1, 2]. These risk factors are often accelerated by rapid and unplanned urbanization [3, 4]. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of the NCD risk factors and the association of NCD risk factors with socio-demographic factors among the adults of urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh
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